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1.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 65(5): 415-27, 2006 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17184601

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Spanish medical faculties have initiated the new curriculum reform process within the framework of the European Higher Education Area and are required to incorporate the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) to new syllabi before 2010. OBJECTIVES: To test the introduction of the ECTS in pediatrics and modify the teaching methodology. STUDY DESIGN: The theoretical and practical programs were adapted; academic objectives and a student evaluation system were established. Students were surveyed on starting the second term of the 2004-05 academic year before the theory examination and again on terminating the academic year: a 5-point Likert-type scale was used for responses. Priorities for generic and specific competencies selected by students were compared with those selected by the National Deans Conference (NDC). The results were analyzed using non-parametric tests. RESULTS: Fifteen credits became 11 ECTS, with 297 student working hours. The theory program was reduced from 80 to 52 lessons. The students prepared 14 tutor-supervised case presentations. The teaching staff considered that learning of theory was similar to previous years (66 %) and that practical learning improved (73.3 %). The students thought the program should continue (73.2 %) but 98.8 % considered the workload excessive. The students believed that their practical training and their ability to prepare and make case presentations significantly improved during the semester. Academic performance was significantly higher than that in students of the previous year. Students agreed with NDC priorities for 9/9 general and 4/17 specific competencies. Estimation of workload by students was significantly higher than that by staff, and 73.3 % of the students believed that workload should be reduced and the examination system improved. CONCLUSIONS: Introducing the ECTS improved academic performance, practical training, and self-directed learning. The project was satisfactory for staff and students. Student workload was underestimated.


Assuntos
Educação Médica/normas , Cooperação Internacional , Pediatria/educação , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Ensino/métodos , Ensino/normas , Logro , Currículo/normas , Europa (Continente)
2.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 64(10): 486-489, nov. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-050009

RESUMO

Antecedentes: La evolución de los estudios cineantropométricos ha permitido determinar que para obtener la composición corporal de un sujeto sólo sea necesario estudiar los componentes graso y muscular. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo valorar la composición corporal en escolares canarios mediante cineantropometría e impedancia, y comparar ambas técnicas de medida. Métodos: Diseño: estudio transversal. Sujetos: escolares canarios de entre 6 y 16 años de edad residentes en Gran Canaria y Tenerife. Selección de la muestra: muestreo, aleatorio estratificado simple, a partir de una población infinita de niños entre 6 y 16 años de edad, con un nivel de significación del 95% y un margen de error del 5%, y de p=q=0,5. El tamaño de la muestra obtenido a justado en función del porcentaje esperado de pérdidas es de 549 alumnos. Tratamiento estadístico: paquete informático SPSS 11.0. Se considera significativo el valor de p>=0,5. Comparación de los sistemas de medida mediante un modelo de regresión no lineal (método de Marquardt). Resultados: Hemos estudiado a 563 escolares: 254 niños y 309 niñas. Los dos procedimientos tienden a coincidir asintóticamente. El coeficiente de determinación para el porcentajede grasa ( A2) es de 0,93 y paral a masal ibre de grasa el A2 es de 0,63. Conclusiones: El modelo de regresión no lineal aplicado a un programa informático permite estimar la composición corporal corregida mediante datos obtenidos por impedancia, método con buena reproducibilidad a diferencia de la cineantropometría


Background: Kinanthropometric studies affirm that, to assess an individual's body composition, it is only necessary to establish his or her fat and muscle components. The purpose of this study was to assess body composition among school children from the Canary Islands by means of kinanthropometry and impedance, and to compare the two measuringte chniques. Methods: Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: Canary Island school children between the ages of 6 and 16 living on Gran Canaria and Tenerife. Sample selection: Stratified simple random sampling, from an infinite population of children between the ages of 6 and 16, with a level of significance of 95% and amargin of error of 5%,assuming that p=q=0.5. The required sample size, after adjustment for expected losses, was 549 school children. Statistical treatment: SPSS 11.0 statistical analysis application. A p value less than or equal to 0.5 was considered significant. The measuring systems were compared by means of a nonlinear regression model (the Marquardtm ethod). Results: We assessed 563 school children: 254 boys and 309 girls. The two procedure stended to coincide asymptotically. The coefficient of determination (A2) was 0.93 for the percentage of body fat and 0.63 for tal-free body mass. Conclusion: The application of the nonlinear regression model to a software application enables the estimation of corrected body composition on the basis of data obtained by means of impedance, which, unlike kinanthropometry, is a method with good reproducibility


Assuntos
Humanos , Composição Corporal , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/diagnóstico , Antropometria/métodos , Impedância Elétrica , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Tecido Adiposo
3.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 65(5): 415-427, nov. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-051423

RESUMO

Introducción Las Facultades Médicas españolas han comenzado el nuevo proceso de reforma curricular en el marco del proceso de implantación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior y deben incorporar el Sistema de Transferencia de Créditos Europeo (ECTS) a los nuevos planes del estudio antes de 2010. Objetivos El objetivo del trabajo fue experimentar la introducción de los créditos ECTS en la asignatura de Pediatría y modificar la metodología docente. Diseño del estudio Adaptación del programa teórico y práctico, estableciendo unos objetivos docentes y un sistema de evaluación. Se realizaron encuestas a los alumnos al inicio del segundo cuatrimestre del curso 2004-2005, antes de realizar el examen teórico de la asignatura y al finalizar el curso académico, utilizando para las respuestas una escala de tipo Likert con 5 grados. Se comparó la priorización de las competencias genéricas y específicas de los alumnos con la de los profesionales médicos en la encuesta de la Conferencia Nacional de Decanos (CND). Para el análisis de los resultados se aplicaron pruebas no paramétricas. Resultados Los 15 créditos actuales se transformaron en 11 ECTS, con 297 h de trabajo para los alumnos. Se redujo el programa teórico de 80 a 52 lecciones. Los alumnos prepararon y presentaron 14 casos clínicos, bajo la supervisión de sus tutores. Los profesores consideraron que el aprendizaje teórico había sido similar al de cursos anteriores (66,6 %) y había sido mejor el práctico (73,3 %). Los alumnos opinaron que el proyecto debía continuar (73,2 %), pero el 98,8 % consideraron que la carga de trabajo había sido excesiva. Los alumnos apreciaron de forma estadísticamente significativa que mejoró la docencia práctica y su capacidad para preparar y presentar casos clínicos. El rendimiento académico de los alumnos fue significativamente mejor que el de los alumnos del curso anterior. Los estudiantes estuvieron de acuerdo con la prioridad de competencias de la CND para 9/9 de las generales y 4/17 de las específicas. La estimación de horas de trabajo de los alumnos fue mayor por los alumnos que por los profesores. El 73,3 % de los alumnos contestaron que el proyecto debía mejorarse, reduciendo la carga de trabajo de los alumnos y mejorando el sistema de evaluación. Conclusiones La introducción de los ECTS mejoró el rendimiento académico, la formación práctica y el autoaprendizaje de los alumnos. La experiencia fue satisfactoria para profesores y alumnos. La estimación de la carga de trabajo de los alumnos fue subestimada


Introduction Spanish medical faculties have initiated the new curriculum reform process within the framework of the European Higher Education Area and are required to incorporate the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) to new syllabi before 2010. Objectives To test the introduction of the ECTS in pediatrics and modify the teaching methodology. Study design The theoretical and practical programs were adapted; academic objectives and a student evaluation system were established. Students were surveyed on starting the second term of the 2004-05 academic year before the theory examination and again on terminating the academic year: a 5-point Likert-type scale was used for responses. Priorities for generic and specific competencies selected by students were compared with those selected by the National Deans Conference (NDC). The results were analyzed using non-parametric tests. Results Fifteen credits became 11 ECTS, with 297 student working hours. The theory program was reduced from 80 to 52 lessons. The students prepared 14 tutor-supervised case presentations. The teaching staff considered that learning of theory was similar to previous years (66 %) and that practical learning improved (73.3 %). The students thought the program should continue (73.2 %) but 98.8 % considered the workload excessive. The students believed that their practical training and their ability to prepare and make case presentations significantly improved during the semester. Academic performance was significantly higher than that in students of the previous year. Students agreed with NDC priorities for 9/9 general and 4/17 specific competencies. Estimation of workload by students was significantly higher than that by staff, and 73.3 % of the students believed that workload should be reduced and the examination system improved. Conclusions Introducing the ECTS improved academic performance, practical training, and self-directed learning. The project was satisfactory for staff and students. Student workload was underestimated


Assuntos
Educação Médica/normas , Cooperação Internacional , Pediatria/educação , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Ensino/métodos , Ensino/normas , Logro , Currículo/normas , Europa (Continente)
7.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 60(8): 393-401, sept. 2002. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-14997

RESUMO

El tratamiento nutricional de los errores innatos del metabolismo (EIM) constituye en la actualidad el pilar más importante en el manejo global de estas enfermedades. Nuestra intervención dietética no sólo debe intentar asegurar un adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo del niño sino que, al mismo tiempo, tenemos que programar un enfoque nutricional específico según el defecto metabólico del que se trate. En este artículo (segundo de cinco partes) y el siguiente abordamos los aspectos diatéticos y nutricionales de algunos de los trastornos más frecuentes que afectan el metabolismo de los aminoácidos (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Masculino , Humanos , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo/diagnóstico , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo/dietoterapia , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo/epidemiologia , Dieta/métodos , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Fenilalanina/administração & dosagem , Fenilalanina/uso terapêutico , Tiroxina/administração & dosagem , Tiroxina/uso terapêutico , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Infantil , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição/educação , Alimentação com Mamadeira , Fenilcetonúria Materna/diagnóstico , Fenilcetonúria Materna/epidemiologia , Fenilcetonúria Materna/dietoterapia , Fenilcetonúrias/diagnóstico , Fenilcetonúrias/dietoterapia
8.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 59(8): 424-435, sept. 2001. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-9950

RESUMO

El tratamiento nutricional de los errores innatos del metabolismo constituye en la actualidad el pilar más importante en el manejo global de estas enfermedades. Las intervenciones dietéticas no sólo deben intentar asegurar un adecuado crecimiento y desarrollo del niño, sino que, al mismo tiempo, se debe programar un enfoque nutricional específico según el defecto metabólico del que se trate. En este artículo -primero de dos partes- se abordan los aspectos dietéticos y nutricionales del los trastornos más frecuentes que afectan al metabolismo de los hidratos de carbono y de las grasas (betaoxidación) (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo/dietoterapia , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo dos Carboidratos/dietoterapia , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo Lipídico/dietoterapia , Gorduras na Dieta/metabolismo , Carboidratos da Dieta/metabolismo , Galactose/metabolismo , Frutose/metabolismo , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo da Frutose/dietoterapia
10.
An Esp Pediatr ; 34(3): 225-9, 1991 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2064152

RESUMO

We studied the urinary elimination of two indicators of renal proximal tubular function. N-Acetyl-Gluosaminidase (NAG) and beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m) in 23 healthy and 67 diabetic children aged 2-15 years and with disease evolution times between 1 month and 12 years. In order to obviate the variations of glomerular filtration present in the diabetes, both proteins were evaluated in the form of indices of excretion (IE). It was found that the diabetic children as a whole presented higher values of NAGIE than the controls (p less than 0.001), and that this increased as the degree of metabolic control worsened, the latter being judged by either fructosamin or HbA C (r = 0.59 for both). The increase in the urinary elimination of NAG had a directly proportional relation with the evolution time of the diabetes. With respect to the beta 2mIE, no significant differences were found on dividing the children according to the degree of metabolic control, although the values did increase with longer evolution times. Thus it may be concluded that NAGIE was shown to be a more useful parameter than beta 2m for evaluating the renal proximal tubular function in infant and juvenile diabetes.


Assuntos
Acetilglucosaminidase/urina , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/urina , Microglobulina beta-2/urina , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino
11.
An Esp Pediatr ; 19(4): 315-23, 1983 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6689253

RESUMO

Description a new case--the most precociously diagnosed in medical literature--of Xanthinuria, with the peculiarity of having débuted with cerebral haemorraging without lithiasis at any time. Metabolism of purines, characteristics of the disease in general and of the case concerned, and published cases are reviewed.


Assuntos
Xantina Oxidase/deficiência , Hemorragia Cerebral/etiologia , Feminino , Hematúria/etiologia , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/etiologia , Recém-Nascido , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo da Purina-Pirimidina/complicações , Erros Inatos do Metabolismo da Purina-Pirimidina/metabolismo , Purinas/metabolismo , Xantinas/urina
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